An extreme close up is a shot in which the subject is tightly framed and shown at a relative large scale; an extreme close up of a person would only have their face in it.
You would normally need a specific reason to get this close; it is too close to show general reactions or emotion except in very dramatic scenes.
Close Up
In the closeup shot, a certain feature o part of the subject takes up most of the frame;
A close up of a person usually means that their full head and not much of the background are in it (unless specified otherwise).
Medium Close Up
The medium closeup is half way between a mid shot (shows some part of the subject in more detail, whilst still showing enough for the audience to feel as if they were looking at the whole subject) and a close up; A medium close up of a person is when in the shot are present the head and the shoulder.
This shot shows the face more clearly, without getting uncomfortably close.
Long Shot
When referring to a person, a long shot means they take up almost the full frame height, where you can see the background behind the focus of the image.
In other situations it means a wide shot of the whole scene, placing the subjects in their environment.
It is generally one which shows the image as approximately "life" size corresponding to the real distance between the audience and the screen
Extreme Long shot
This can be taken from as much as a quarter of a mile away, and is generally used as a scene-setting, establishing shot. It normally shows an exterior, (e.g the outside of a building or a landscape).
There will be very little detail visible in the shot, it's meant to give a general impression rather than specific information.
High Angle
An high angle picture is captured above the actors subject's eyes (above the action).
This has the effect of diminishing the subject, making them appear less powerful, less significant or even submissive.
Low Angle
A low angle is a shot captured below the subject's eyes, giving her the impression of being more powerful or dominant.
Two Shot
There are a few variations on this one, but the basic idea is to have a comfortable shot of two people. Often used in interviews, or when two presenters are hosting a show.
If you see two sports presenters standing side by side facing the camera, you get the idea that these people are going to be the show's co-hosts. As they have equal prominence in the frame, the implication is that they will provide equal input. Of course this doesn't always apply, for example, there are many instances in which it's obvious one of the people is a presenter and the other is a guest. In any case, the two-shot is a natural way to introduce two people.
Image Framed To The Left
When an image is framed to the left is when the focus of the picture is on the left of the photograph.
Central Image
A central image is when the focus of the picture is in the center of the photograph.
Image Framed To The Right
An image framed to the left is when the focus of the image is on the right of the photograph.
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